Signs of Postpartum Depression - Michael Russell

Postpartum depression is an often undiagnosed, but extremely serious illness that affects many women after giving birth. Part of the reason so many women do not seek help for postpartum depression is that it is completely normal for a woman to experience mood swings after having a baby. This is often called "baby blues" and usually goes away after about ten days. There is a slight amount of depression associated with baby blues. Postpartum depression is when this depression gets worse or lasts longer than ten days.

There is much confusion about what postpartum depression is. Some people believe that it is a mental problem, but postpartum depression is a disease that is treated by medications. It has a medical cause as well. While the cause of depression is not fully understood, we do know that has to do with the chemical balance in the brain.

The symptoms of postpartum depression include a lack of interest in every day life. A change in eating habits, which usually is the inability to eat, but sometimes can be overeating, will also accompany postpartum depression. A woman suffering from postpartum depression will have much less energy than normal. She will have trouble sleeping, or will sleep more than usual. She will cry easily and for no apparent reason. She will have overwhelming feelings of guilt, worthlessness, hopelessness and anxiety. Often, she will feel restless and also irritable.

Some of the more serious symptoms of postpartum depression are a desire to either harm herself or the baby. Women who suffer from serious bouts of postpartum depression are capable of committing suicide or hurting and even killing their children. Because this is so serious, it is important for people to watch a woman carefully after giving birth for any signs of postpartum depression. If the incident of depression occurs within six months of giving birth, it is classified as postpartum depression.

There are several indicators that a woman is more inclined to having postpartum depression. Women with a previous history of postpartum depression or other types of depression are more likely to get it. Also, women who have severe problems with premenstrual syndrome might be prone to postpartum depression. If the woman has a difficult marriage situation and feels that she has no one else to talk to, she is likely to suffer from postpartum depression. Finally, if the events surrounding the pregnancy and delivery of her child were extremely stressful, such as having a premature baby, she is more likely to suffer from postpartum depression.

Postpartum depression is treated like most other forms of depression. The patient will be put on a medication to control the seratonin in her brain and she will also be referred to counseling. Talking through problems often helps. It is important that the significant people in her life are willing to stand by her and support her until she feels better. It is also important for her to realize that once she starts to feel better, she can have down time from time to time.

One of the best things a woman can do to help herself recover from postpartum depression is to make sure and take some time for herself. She needs to spend time doing something she enjoys every day and taking a break from her baby, until she starts to feel more centered. It is also helpful to write down the emotions she is feeling. This will help her as she starts to get better. She needs to realize that it is perfectly normal to feel overwhelmed by all of the changes in her life. She needs not to put undue expectations on herself. No one is super mom and just being there for a baby is often all that is needed. She needs to take life one day at a time, get the help she needs and soon she will begin to see the light at the end of the proverbial tunnel.

Michael Russell
Your Independent guide to href="http://depression-guides.com/">Depression

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Depression: The Most Effective Treatment - Michael Russell

When we read about effective treatments for a common psychological and medical condition like depression, we are always tempted to expect reviews and discussions of different prescription medications. Antidepressants and other depression related drugs are currently among the most prescribed drugs. This implies that despite the increasing affluence, comfort and better living standards seen today in the developed world, many people are still not happy with their lives. Moreover, considering the fact that the increasing reliance on medication and other medical procedures have not reduced the prevalence of chronic depression in the population; it is safe to assert that there are better and more effective ways of treating depression. This article intends to look at one of such effective treatment for depression.

For a better appreciation of the depression treatment that will be discussed in this article, it is important to look at the causes of depression in most people. Most people erroneously believe that depression is mainly caused by a fault with the nervous system, a traumatic or sad event that happens in one's life. Though some cases of depression result from chemical imbalances in the body or problems with the nervous and coordination system of the body; in most cases, this belief is not correct.

It is extraordinary to note that depression, in most people, is as a result of conflict between the conscious and unconscious mind. The past events and experiences of our lives, which are presumed forgotten, are usually stored in the unconscious mind. When memories from this part of the mind begin to take over an individual's consciousness, it creates a kind of fog over the mind, causing the confusion and anxiety that characterizes depression. Psychologists have come to realize that the unconscious mind have a great impact on an individual's quality of life. This is one of the reasons why depression is a very difficult condition to diagnose. It does not present with physical signs or symptoms because the condition does not affect the physical body.

From the above, it is only reasonable to suggest that the best and most effective treatment for depression should begin with the mind. Within every person suffering from depression, is the ability and resources effectively to treat the condition. Unfortunately, the medical and pharmaceutical have taught us otherwise.

For a start, creating a positive attitude is the most effective prevention and treatment for depression. A sense of humor, optimism and a positive attitude can break through the worst cases of depression. Humor releases substances into the blood that relax the body and mind. Whereas a positive and optimistic attitude creates a clear mind devoid of unnecessary worries and anxieties. This makes it easy to differentiate between the present and what is being imported from the past.

It is also important to take note of every thought that crosses the mind. This requires a bit of mental and conscious effort, especially at the outset. However, it will be worth the stress. Taking stock of every thought that comes to mind enables you to thrash out necessary mental assignments and discard irrelevant thoughts instead of allowing them to clog the mind, causing anxiety, unnecessary worry and then depression.

Of course, there are cases of depression that results from chemical or hormonal imbalance in the body; there are also cases of chronic depression that no amount of positive attitude can cure. Notwithstanding that, the mind is still the most effective treatment for depression. Creating a positive and optimistic attitude, learning to free the mind of unnecessary and irrelevant thoughts, living for the moment, without worrying about today or yesterday, regular exercise and a healthy diet constitute the most effective depression treatment you can find anywhere.

Michael Russell
Your Independent guide to href="http://depression-guides.com/">Depression

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Treatments for Depression and Learning Disabilities - Greg Culver

Most of the people are unaware about the depression and learning disabilities but these diseases are very common. Children who suffer from learning disabilities suffer with common pressures of everyday living. They either cannot speak fluently or are unable to take stress or are not competent enough to take care of their health and bodies.

Most of such patients that suffer from depression and learning disabilities come in the category of retarded people. Depression is termed as a form of retard ness because patients suffer from chemical imbalances, insufficient nutrition’s, emotional scaring, childhood traumas and many more such factors. Positive influences, miscommunications and lack of education are the root causes for learning disabilities.

More than enough caring the patients suffering with problems like depression and learning disabilities also adds to the problem. You immediately contact a professional for help if you find anyone around you who is suffering from symptoms of depression and learning disabilities. The symptoms of such people are unhappiness, feelings of despair, suicidal tendencies, lack of enthusiasms while playing and negative thinking.

The diseases such as depression should be taken proper care of without any carelessness as it may prove fatal. Some people who suffer from depression or learning disabilities consume drugs or alcohol to sooth themselves but it only adds up to the problem.

It’s not only so that patients of depression and learning disabilities are danger for themselves as in some cases their lack of interest, behaviors and fatigue could result in criminal prosecution. Such patients need support to cope with stress they have in their minds due to several factors such as debts, deaths in the family etc.

Recent studies have shown that the use of Prozac, for the treatment of such patients have side affects. These side affects may create more problems instead of removing them. What I believe is that such patients need support and someone to take care of them. A little attention to such people can be of great help to them. Most of the patients of depression and learning disabilities search for answers of their questions regarding their problems but no one help them. You must never tell the patients of such problems that their emotions are unreal as it would enhance the problem. You must recognize the problem and try to eradicate it.

A labeled person is even more depressed as people look at him with a different eye. If you are suffering from depression or any such disability then the best way is to accept your disability as a recognized problem is half solved problem. But there are patients that disagree to accept that the problem exists, in such cases it is the duty of the professionals to help them. Deal with each and every symptoms one by one, eradicating all problems. Problem arises when professionals try to cure the patient with medicine and effective therapy to experiment which works faster.

Patients who are diagnosed as the sufferers of schizophrenia, antipsychotic, and other related diagnosis are usually prescribed Ziprasidone, but this medicine has side-effects such as glucose or sugar level is affected, blood pressure levels, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, promotes involuntary movement disorder etc. Most of the risks involved are connected to the central nervous system that may prove fatal for treatment of such patients as their nervous system is not to be hindered in any case to avoid further problems.

http://www.healthmedicinehome.com is a Health and Medicine site dedicated to providing quality articles and information. Click through for more articles.

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Fighting Child Depression Naturally - Pam Brown

Unfortunately, the symptoms of depression in kids may not be too evident therefore, as a parent, is important to be vigilant and watch for symptoms such as social withdrawal, irritability, apathy, sleep and eating problems, lack of interest in activities that were enjoyed in the past, chronic fatigue and deterioration in schoolwork, which can be an indication of sadness and depression in children.

Childhood depression can be caused by a number of things... There are plenty of conditions in which the mentality of a child is just not ready to deal with; this makes them more vulnerable for depression than adults that undergo the same level of stresses.

Causes of Depression in Children

** Stress. Believe it or not, stress is one of the largest problems. Children have not learned how to handle stress and it is likely that they will not be able to unless they are given the necessary help. Too much to do at school, home, extra curriculum courses and a part time job can all lead to depression.

** Family conflict. Children do not blame others for their family’s problems; they turn the blame onto themselves. If mom and dad are fighting it must be because of something he did. This type of worry can turn into depression quickly.

** Learning problems and emotional strain are two more things that can lead a child down the road to serious depression.

** Parents that are depressed. Those children that only see and witness depression are going to use that as their means as well of dealing with life. In fact, it can be a learned behaviour in some cases.

How to Treat it?

Now that you know the possible causes of children and adolescent depression, take a look at a few things that can be done.

In many occasions and depending on the severity of the case, doctors will resort to only treating teens and younger children with psychological therapy. Also, there are medications that can be given to a child for depression, like Prozac, but there are risks associated with taking this type of medication. Warnings have been issued about suicide potential during treatment with this prescription drug.

On the other hand, fortunately there are some natural remedies for child depression. One of the most common and beneficial methods for treating depression naturally is through the use of an herb called St. John’s Wort.

The British Medical Journal has found that the use of this herb to fight off depression has been just as beneficial to some as that of anti depressant medication. St. John’s Wort is one of the natural remedies that can help fight depression.

There is another safe and effective herb that can help a child recover from depression. To learn more about this visit: natural remedies for child depression.

Pam Brown is an editor at yourbodycanheal.com. To learn about natural treatments for depression in children visit: natural remedies for child depression
For information on natural health remedies, and to obtain a FREE guide to Healing Foods and Herbs visit: http://www.yourbodycanheal.com

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Mental Health Issues and Schizophrenia - By Lance Winslow

Most folks in America do not seem to realize exactly how bad the mental health issues are in our nation. But in the end it is not only most likely societies fault but it ends up our problem too. It is often theorized why mental health issues are so great in such an advanced civilization with such clean conditions and water.

So why do we have people with mental health problems in the United States of America? Is it due to social engineering, guilt from the church, bad parenting or some other factor? Are we sending mixed messages to our children and young adults? Do we over stress our work force and cause so many problems people cannot cope? Is life in America simply too complex and over burdensome? Some say yes to all these reason.

One issue, which seems to be at the top of the debate is why is Schizophrenia so prevalent? Hard to say, yet some believe this is from people withdrawing into their own world as a place to go to seek refuge when the stress of life is simply too much.

Well, no matter which side of the debate you fall on one must admit that Mental Health Issues and Schizophrenia are indeed issues we all must deal with, as we interact with others out there who may or may not be in their right mind. Consider all this in 2006.

"Lance Winslow" - Online Think Tank forum board. If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; http://www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs/

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Improve Your Relationships By Loving Yourself - By: Wendy Betterini

Many of us, especially women, tend to put others’ needs before our own. We neglect ourselves and eventually resent those who have been on the receiving end of our love and attention. What we fail to realize is the importance of putting ourselves first. No, it is not selfish. In fact, it’s impossible to meet the needs of others effectively without first being balanced in our own lives. Loving yourself will not only prove to be a positive experience, but it will improve your relationships with others as well.

If we go through our days neglecting our basic needs, we will become very quickly drained of our energy, too exhausted to spend any time on ourselves. When we realize that our own needs are not being met, we become resentful and ultimately withdraw the help and support we so freely offered to others before. However, by focusing on putting ourselves first, we can regain that lost energy, which will give us endless vitality to direct toward others.

Loving and taking better care of yourself is easy if you implement one or more of the simple helpful tips and ideas listed here. When we are happy with the level of attention we are giving ourselves, our energy overflows and we are anxious to help fulfill the needs of those around us. Everyone wins when we learn to love ourselves. Use the following tips to get you started:

Live a healthy lifestyle – How can we expect to accomplish great things if we cannot meet life’s most basic needs? Eat healthy by replacing excess sugar and refined foods with whole foods and lots of water. Give your body the ability to effectively burn the fuel you take in by getting daily exercise, thereby increasing your metabolism. Make sure to get plenty of sleep as well, as our minds do not fully function if they haven’t been allowed to properly recharge themselves.

Express yourself – One of the best ways to take care of ourselves mentally is by frequently expressing how we feel. This can be done in several ways. Mentally, we can express ourselves on paper. Keeping a personal journal in which you can vent when needed will help keep emotions in check. Creative expression is important too, such as allowing yourself to feel and experience the wide range of emotions in a rented movie, or by working on a hobby that’s close to your heart. Photography and other visual arts are good for this. Remember, expressing ourselves creatively is as important as doing so mentally.

Spend some time alone – In order to appreciate ourselves more, we should get to know ourselves better. Some of you may think this will have the reverse effect, but think positively! You would be surprised what becoming introspective will reveal. Discover yourself and learn to love it. Go for a scenic drive. Take a long bath. Surround yourself with music or just quietly meditate. Not only will you appreciate your own company more, but the relaxation will do wonders for your state of mind. Your relationships are sure to improve if others sense your renewed energy and love of life.

Pamper yourself - Finally, take the time to treat yourself to something rewarding. Get a massage, a manicure, or tickets to your favorite sporting event. Show yourself you care about your own happiness by creating more of it in your life. By allowing yourself to enjoy the spotlight now and again, you’ll realize the goodness others feel when you are able to help them.

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Wendy Betterini is a freelance writer and web designer in New England. Visit her blog at http://www.workathomebalance.com/ for more work/life balance tips for entrepreneurs, home business owners, telecommuters and freelancers.

6 Essential Facts You Should Know About Bipolar Disorder by SUSAN NICKERSON DC PT

Mental health authorities estimate that more than 2 million adults have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder (also called manic-depression), a chemical imbalance in the brain causing extreme mood swings from manic highs to agonizing lows.

Although a diagnosis of bipolar disorder can be frightening and confusing, it is a treatable and manageable condition.

If you or someone close to you has been diagnosed with bipolar illness, the first step in relieving fear and uncertainty is education. The more you know about the disorder, the less control it will exert over you and others who may be affected.

The National Institute of Mental Health (www.nimh.nih.gov), The National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (www.nami.org), and The National Mental Health Association (www.nmha.org) are just a few of the recognized national organizations providing information, facts and support to anyone who may be directly or indirectly affected by bipolar disorder.

Below are some essential facts about bipolar disorder provided by these organizations that may alleviate some of your concerns and questions surrounding a recent diagnosis.

Bipolar disorder affects many people: According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), bipolar disorder affects approximately 2.3 million adults, or 1.2 percent of the population, in any given year.

Bipolar disorder has many potential causes: There does not appear to be one cause for bipolar disorder. Evidence suggests that many components may come into play, all of which affect the chemical balance of certain parts of the brain. Several studies on the occurrence of bipolar disorder in families demonstrate a genetic disposition toward the illness. Other factors may include extremely traumatic life events, chronic illness, alcoholism, and drug abuse.

Bipolar disorder has varied symptoms: The most pronounced symptoms of bipolar disorder are dramatic mood swings consisting of extremely “high” manic episodes to debilitating episodes of depression and then back again with relatively normal moods in between. Behaviors during a manic episode include heightened feelings of euphoria, extreme energy, decreased need for sleep, extreme irritability and distractibility, and increased aggression. Depressive episodes bring about excessive feelings of despair, hopelessness, worthlessness, guilt, and sometimes thoughts of suicide.

Bipolar disorder affects both sexes in children to adults: Manic depression is not selective in who it touches. Women and men are equally affected, as are children and adolescents (although a diagnosis in children and teens is more difficult to determine). A majority of those diagnosed with bipolar disorder have a least one family member with the illness. And children of parents with the illness are more likely to develop it themselves.

Bipolar disorder has effective treatment modalities: Bipolar disorder is treated with medications, called mood stabilizers, to assist in controlling fluctuation in moods. The important thing to understand about bipolar disorder is that it is a life-long, recurring illness requiring ongoing care.

In addition to medication, psychotherapy is also prescribed in the management of the illness. Psychotherapy assists people to understand their illness and to develop coping skills to help deal with life events and stressors that may trigger manic and depressive episodes.

Bipolar disorder has no cure: As of today, there is no known cure for bipolar disorder; however, it is a treatable and manageable illness. With a close relationship with a mental health professional, a proper diagnosis, and vigilant adherence to taking medications and sticking to prescribed treatment plans, most individuals with bipolar illness lead very productive and rewarding lives.

These are just a few of the facts pertaining to bipolar disorder. It is not a simple illness, yet it is manageable and treatable. If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, do not hesitate to seek information and help. Any one of the above-mentioned organizations can offer you education, guidance, and support. Obtaining knowledge is one of your first steps in alleviating the uncertainty and anxiety of dealing with such a diagnosis.

Dr. Susan Nickerson, DC PT is a trained disability advocate and health professional. In response to requests by those with bipolar illness who have become unable to continue working, Dr. Nickerson has developed the "Bipolar's Guide to Winning Social Security Disability". To learn more about this valuable resource, head to http://www.winbipolardisabilitybenefits.com.

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How To Overcome Your Bipolar Disorder And Depression As A Parent - By: Stan Popovich

It can be tough for a parent who has depression to manage the household. Not only do you have to take care of the kids, you also have to deal with your issues. Sometimes your depression, bipolar disorder or your fears can interfere with your job as a parent. What can a parent do to get better?

The first step is that you should talk to a professional who can get you started in the right path of getting better. Getting help from a counselor is very important and can provide you much help and insights in dealing with your current problem.

In addition, here are some techniques a parent can use to help manage their fears and depression.

Learn to manage your depression and taking care of the kids at the same time. Parenting is a 24 hour job and so is taking care of your mental health. If you become overwhelmed ask your spouse or other family members for help. Learn to share the responsibilities in the household.
Communication with the other members of your family is very important.

Learn to manage your negative thinking. Instead of focusing on your anxious thoughts try to think of something positive. Read a short book or read some affirmations that will make you feel better. Remember not to dwell on your depressing and fearful thoughts.

Be able to organize your daily activities so you do not become overwhelmed. Set some time to reduce your anxiety and stress when your not taking care of the kids. If the kids are at school, take a walk or do something enjoyable that will make you happy and relaxed.

It is not easy to deal with your depression and fears. Once you get some help from a professional, things should become easier. Remember that there is hope for you and there are ways to deal with your fears as a parent. Just be patient and not give up.

Stan Popovich is the author of "A Layman's Guide to Managing Fear an easy to read book that presents a overview of techniques that are effective in managing persistent fears and anxieties. For additional information go to: http://www.managingfear.com

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Fix your Depression by UDO VIETH

Unlike a bodily illness, which can simply be diagnosed and then pinpointed, depression literally eats away at us inside.

Being a mental matter, it is one of the most dominant, and so the most tricky state to overcome.
What about therapy?

This is the common treatment technique. Years and years later, many patients, acquire some release. The total abolishment of depression, is nonetheless rarely totally eradicated by therapy only. The therapists are doing everything they know how and have been taught, but often it is not enough.

Drugs to the rescue?

Now I am a strong anti-drug crusader- but, in this particular example, I must to give in that on the road to recovery, drugs could have some small part to play. Let me directly declare that I am completely opposed to the taking of drugs to mask a symptom, instead of eliminating the source.

Nevertheless, reflect on the following analogy:

We are frequently taken down the way to curing by the motivation and conviction that healing is to a large extent an internal mental conditioning procedure. In a way this is alike to someone wanting to be taught to sprint, after he has only been walking up to now in his life. For a ordinary realistically well person this is quite achievable. By means of gradual coaching, and developing a step by step technique of evolution most everybody may run. So you could say to the potential runner, get up and run. If the incentive is there, the skills will be acquired and the individual will be trained to run.

But what if that person had a fractured leg. I imagine you will concur that no matter how motivated the potential runner is, the leg would first have to cure, before any improvement can be made.

Equate this to someone suffering from depression.

He is told, to mentally focus on the thought processes that will raise him out of the depression. But - if he is too deeply into the depressive condition, actual chemical imbalances have occurred in his brain. Just like the sprinter with the broken leg, he just cannot get his thoughts into the right channels. In this situation, a medicine could be necessary. Once the chemical imbalance is controlled, the right thought processes can progress, and the healing can start. Now I wish to repeat again, that staying on those substance crutches (drugs), is not going to help anyone except for the drug companies' accountants. You still need to take accountability for your circumstances and allow internal healing to proceed.

Fix your depression.

You need to recognize that at some level, whether knowingly or sub-consciously, you got yourself into this position of depression. So it is also in your control to get yourself out of this state. Realising this, and accepting this responsibility is the greatest stride on the way to conquering your problem. Observe the word responsibility - it has concealed within it response -and ability. So the minute you recognize that you are responsible, is the same minute that you realise that you have the power to respond to the circumstances, you are capable to respond. This is a critical step, that is so frequently overlooked in so many things in life. It is so simple, yet time and again so hard to implement.

Understand and believe your way to happiness.

OK that's quite a mouthful. Dr. Wayne Dyer, a well recognized writer and philosopher most likely said it best in the title of his book "You'll see it when you believe it" So what has this all got to do with depression and disease? That declaration from the good Dr. Dyer truly unlocks the key to some of life's greatest secrets, including healing.

You see, devoid of the conviction that you can and will cure, your mind, does such a wonderful job of keeping you where you are, that it is scary. Without going into too much detail at this time, you have to to appreciate something about your functioning as a human being. Yes, you are computer controlled - by the most powerful computer acknowledged to man - your mind. The trouble is frequently, wrong programming of this computer. But this is a topic for a further discussion.

For now, realise that unless you are able to adapt the programming of your mind (computer) away from what caused your current depression, you will just rebuild the identical condition over and over again. The most powerful way to steer clear of this happening, is to believe in the fresh programming, and recognize the reality of change in the future. This will guide your mind gradually into the correct thought processes away from depression, to shape the change you are looking for. Without this acceptance, you may never find out the exact programming necessary to manifest the change you desire. If you close yourself off mentally, no new and more suited information (eg programming) can get in. Become open minded, focus on your desired outcome, and let the information come to you. Struggle and fighting with the incorrect weapons, is futile and will merely irritate you.

There is a huge quantity of information, and explanations that cover this subject matter, and those will be topics of future articles.

For now, become response - able, and believe!

Let the contentment you warrant stream into your life. You have the understanding of at least one main factor in the determination of your general happiness, if you read this far. You deserve to be happy! Udo Vieth is a qualified quantum therapist, advanced EFT and REIKI practitioner. See EasyHealthReview.com for more.

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Defining Suicide and Suicide Attempts - By William L. Smith Ph. D.

Suicide can be defined in the following manner: An act is suicide if a person intentionally brings about his or her own death in circumstances where others do not coerce him or her to action, except in those cases where death is caused by conditions not specifically arranged by the person for the purpose of bringing about his or her death, (Tom Beauchamp, 1978).

In general it was believed that two populations (those who commit suicide and those who attempt suicide) are essentially separate, made up of different individuals. In a sense the words attampt suicide are a contradiction in terms. Strictly speaking, a suicide attempt should refer only to those who sought to commit suicide and fortuitously survived. A good example is a story in the New York Times, August 11, 2006. In September 2000, Kevin Hines climbed over the railing of the Golden Gate Bridge, in San Francisco, and jumped. Mr. Hines fell some 250 feet and survived, becoming one of an estimated 1,200 individuals who survived the leap since the Bridge opened in 1937. According to this theory, Mr. Hines is a legitimate attempt suicide surviver.

The overlap of the percentage of individuals who commit suicide with those who previously attempted suicide is estimated to be 45 percent, whereas the overlap of those who attempt suicide and those who subsequently are successful is about 10 percent. To attempt suicide with less than total lethality might be called quasi-suicide except that this term has the unfortunate connotation that such individuals are malingerers or are simply seeking attention, and thus do not merit our full professional and sympathetic response. I believe that any event which uses a suicidal modality is a genuine psychological crisis, even though it might not, under strict semantic rules, be called suicidal event.

Attempted suicide should be used only for those events in which there has been a failure od a conscious effort to end the life. Those events are attempted suicide. All other self-mutilations, excessive dosage of drugs, and other events of this nature should be called quasi-suicidal attempts or probably, most accurately, non-suicidal attempts. An individual who holds a fully loaded gun to his temple and pulls the trigger but the gun does not fire, can legitimately be said to have attempted suicide or have committed suicide and fortuitously survived; or leap from the Golden Gate Bridge and survive.

We should also evaluate each suicidal event on a continum, say from 1-9, of lethality. The term suicide, committed suicide, or attempted suicide should be reserved only for those events in which the lethality is reasonably judged to be high-eight or nine. This may depend on the method used; shooting, jumping, hanging, immolating, and where cutting or barbiturates are the method used, evaluation is based on the risk to rescue ratio. A suicide attempt is an event where the risk of death is extremely high and the probability of rescue or intervention is extremely low. Shooting oneself with a gun, jumping from a high place present few theoretical problems for this paradigm; the difficulties occur mostly in relation to barbiturates. It is not what you do...it is the way that you do it. Thomas E. Hill (1983), recognizing that real life situations are more complex than any of our philosophic categories called our attention to four specially defined types of suicides as follows:

Impulsive suicide is prompted by a temporarily intense, yet passing desire or emotion out of keeping with the more permanent character, preferences and emotional state of the individual. We need not suppose that he is driven, blinded, or momentarily insane, but this act is not the sort that coheres with what he most wants and values over time. In calmer, more deliberate moments, he would wish that he would not respond as he did.

Apathetic suicide, sometime a suicide might result not so much from intense desire or emotion as from apathy. The problem is not overwhelming passion, but the absence of passion, lack of interest in what might be done or experienced in a continued life. One can imagine, for example, an extremely depressed person who simply does not care about the future...not intense shame, anger, fear, but rather emptiness.

Self-abasing suicide results from a sense of worthlessness or unworthiness, which expresses itself not in apathy, but rather in a desire to manifest self-contempt, to reject oneself, to put oneself down. One's life is seen as having a negative value...contemptable like a despised insect one wants to swat or turn away from in disgust.

Hedonistic calculated suicide is decided upon as a result of a certain sort of cost/benefit calculation seeing that others will be unaffected by his decision, the hedonistic calculator regards his choice as determined by his best estimate of the balance of pleasure and pain he expects to receive under such option.

Acccording to Durkheim suicide is the result of society's strength or weakness of control over the individual. Durkheim posited four basic types of suicide, each a result of man's relationship to his society. In one type, the altruistic suicide is literally required by society. In this instance, the customs or rules of the group demand suicide under certain circumstances. Hara-kiri (in feudal Japan) and suttee (in pre-colonial India) are examples of altruistic suicides. In such instances the person seemed almost boxed in by the culture. Under those circumstances, self-inflicted death was honorable; continuing to live would be igominious. Society dictated their action and, as individuals, they were not strong enough to defy custom.

Most suicides in the United States would be called egoistic by Durkheim. Contrary to the circumstances of an altruistic suicide, egoistic suicides occur when an individual's ties to his community are too few or too tenuous. In this case, demands to live do not reach him. Thus, proportionately, more individuals, especially men who are on their own, compared with men who are married or who are church members, kill themselves.

Durkheim's third type of suicide is called anomic suicide from the word anomie which Durkheim may have developed himself to describe that special kind of aloneness or estrangement that occurs when the accustomed relationship between an individual and his society is precipitously disrupted or shattered. The shocking immediate loss of a job, of a close friend, or of a fortune is thought sufficient to expedite anomic suicides; conversely, a poor man surprised by the disruption of a sudden wealth have also been shocked into anomic suicide.

A fourth type, fatalistic suicide, is suicide deriving from excessive regulation of the individual, where the individual has no personal freedom and no hope.

For additional information on suicide prevention visit:

http://www.psycom.net/depression.central.suicide

Dr. Smith is a psychologist and personal consultant with more than thirty years of experience working with clients helping them to understand and resolve profound personal and confidential issues. And I can help you. For a free assessment contact me at: http://www.insightconsultant.com

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Self-Help Tips For Dealing With Depression - By Michael Russell

Most of us have been there at some point. We're overcome by a feeling that doesn't seem to want to go away. Some event or circumstance may have brought this on, or it could possibly be a condition that we're predisposed to. Depression.

It can be quite debilitating to some people. So much so that they get to the point where drastic measures need to be taken to protect their well-being. Most often at this point harsh drugs would be prescribed to control the depressive state.

However, for those who may not quite be at that stage, but are looking for a way out of their depression, there may be steps they can take to help lift the cloud. Here we will explore some options for self-help.

First of all, think positively. It sounds easy, but this may be the most difficult step for a person suffering from depression to take. Whenever you find yourself drifting into thoughts of self-doubt, do your best to correct yourself and channel your thoughts to something more pleasant. It can be tough at first, but the more you work at it, eventually the easier it will be. The mind CAN be trained to think positively.

Do something nice for someone else. Often times the act of performing a selfless deed can be quite rewarding. Help a friend if they're in need, or if you're feeling really ambitious, join a volunteer organization and begin a regular routine of chipping in some of your valuable time. You'll be helping those in need and the sense of satisfaction you take from it can be more rewarding than you think.

Exercise. Exercise is a terrific stress reliever and has the power to help foster a more vibrant attitude. If you're feeling the effects of depression, get up and take a walk, or start a regular exercise routine. Set goals for yourself fitness wise and watch the results. Your sense of accomplishment at meeting and even surpassing your goals can be quite uplifting.

Sing. Find a song, or CD you enjoy with an uplifting beat to it. Turn your stereo up and let fly. Have fun with it and before you know it, the blues will melt away.

Chocolate. It may sound silly, but eating chocolate has been found to help lighten a person's mood. Chocolate helps release endorphins, which help foster improvements in well-being, as well as help relieve pain. So indulge in your favorite chocolate when you're feeling blue.

Associate with happy people. The more you associate with more cheerful friends and family, the less chance you have of feeling down. So spend time with people you enjoy as often as possible.

These are just a few tips to help you along. If you have tried these tips with no success and you find that your depressive state has not improved, or has gotten worse. You would be strongly advised to see your doctor as soon as possible. You may suffer from a chemical imbalance or a disorder that may require professional treatment. If left untreated your condition could lead to serious harm to yourself or someone you care about. So if you feel you're at risk, seek help immediately.

Michael Russell

Your Independent guide to Depression

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Depression Q&A: Common Kinds Of The Depression - By: Ammon Yorke

* What is Depression?

Depression is a disorder, engaged in a persons body, mood and thoughts. It can influence and interrupts eating, sleeping or judging manner. It is different from unhappiness or a down feeling. It is also not an indication of personal flaws or a condition that can be motivated or wanted away.

Persons with this disorder cannot just gather themselves together and get well. Usually, treatment is important and significantly vital to healing.

* Are there different types of depression?

Yes, there are actually three primary types of depression. Most of these are established by how ominous the signs are. They are:

Major depression This is the most serious type of mood disorder based on the number of signs and austerity of symptoms. It has become a severe health disorder and significant health concern in this country.

Manic depression This type involves both high and low mood swings. It also indicates other major symptoms not found in other depression types.

Dysthymia depression identifies the low to moderate level of depression that continues for about two years and sometimes longer. Though the symptoms are not as serious as a major depression, they more lasting and defiant to healing. People with this type develop a major depression for a moment when depressed.

* What is major depression?

This is the most serious type of depression. More symptoms found in this depression that are usually severe and serious.

Sometimes, it can be an effect from a particular disturbing incident in your life or it may develop gradually because of various personal frustrations and life struggles. Some people seem to develop the signs of a major depression with no apparent life problems.

Major depression can happen once, because of a major emotional trauma, react to healing, and will not happen again as long as you live. This is normally what they called a single episode depression.

Some people are inclined to have habitual depression, with events of depression followed by periods of a number of years without depression, followed by another one, typically in reaction to another distress. This would be continuing depression.

Usually, the healing is similar, but that healing normally is over a longer period for continuing depression.

* What is Post-partum depression?

Postpartum depression can vary from temporary "blues" following childbirth to serious, unbearable and emotional depression.

Post partum depression signs are just the same to those experienced by other depressives, involving desperate belief, feelings of despair, low self-confidence, and constant fatigue and mood changes.

It can be healed successfully as long as the mother and her support group identify the warning symptoms and examine them with considerate clinical experts. While some psychological occurrences and depressive feelings might be completely normal, constant feeling of unimportance or desperate views are not.

The secret to healing is to be honest with what you feel during each post partum meeting with your physician.

* What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a mood disorder felt by most people during Winter months. It is characterized by a seasonal depression, the down feeling, a longing to sleep for too long and habitual desire for starchier foods.

The signs of SAD normally start in the late Fall where there is already less daytime. It may not start subside until late winter or spring.

Symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder include:

Symptoms such as unnecessary eating and sleeping, weight increase normally take place during the Fall or Winter months.
Complete reduction from despair happens in the Spring and Summer months.

Indications have taken place in the past two years, with no seasonal depression episodes.

Seasonal episodes considerably outnumber no seasonal depression episodes.

There is a longing for sweet and starchy foods.

* What is bipolar depression?

Bipolar depression, also identified as manic depression, is categorized as a type of affective disorder or mood disorder that happens during lifes normal difficulties. It can become a severe clinical condition. It is a significant health concern in the United States. This is distinguished by irregular episodes of acute excitement, elevated mood, or bad temper (also referred to as mania) opposed episodic, common depressive signs.

Dane Loveless is a regular contributor to depression-related guuides and sites such as 'Depression Tips.' See: http://www.Depression-Tips.com

Article Source: Article Hub

Natural Anti-Depressants - St Johns Wort, Kava Kava And Lemon Balm - By Jason Ladock

Depression is a much bigger and widespread problem than many would believe. It is estimated that more than 1 in 20 Americans will develop depression in the next 12 months but most sufferers attempt to hide the problem from friends, family and physicians. This makes it incredibly difficult to diagnose unless you are specifically looking for the symptoms. Most sufferers find it difficult to diagnose depression and often attribute it to "feeling a bit down". There is a big difference between feeling down and having depression. If you or someone close to you is suffering from depression it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible.

The Safe Use Of Natural Remedies

As well as psychological and medical treatment there are also a number of natural remedies that can help to eliminate or, at least, reduce stress and depression. Introducing these supplements, vitamins or nutrients into your diet it can be possible to avoid prolonged depression. Always check for interactions with any prescription drug you may be taking and, if necessary, consult your physician to ask their opinion of a particular natural remedy and whether you are safe to take it.

St Johns Wort

St Johns Wort is one of the most popular and effective of herbs to help combat depression. It has become increasingly popular over the last few years, as more and more people have been made aware of its effectiveness. St Johns Wort inhibits monoamine oxidase, a chemical within the human body that is known to encourage depression. However, St Johns Wort does much more than this. It can help to restore self-esteem, confidence and regular sleeping patterns making it not only useful for beating depression but restoring physical health as well. It also increases appetite and restores interest in life.

St Johns Wort is available in capsule, tea, tincture and oil form. There are some recorded precautions that need to be taken when considering taking St Johns Wort. Cases of photosensitivity in those with fair skin have been reported so care should be taken in the sun. You should also avoid combining St Johns Wort with cold and flu remedies as well as other prescription based anti depressants. Avoid using St Johns Wort if pregnant or breast-feeding.

Kava Kava

Kava Kava is another excellent product that can help to beat stress and anxiety. It is particularly effective in the battle against physical stress. Kava Kava promotes feelings of calm relaxation without the drowsiness that can be associated with prescription drugs and even other herbal remedies. Depending on the patient, feelings of euphoria and elation may also be experienced but this is experienced in the minority of cases.

Lemon Balm

Due to its calming aroma and effects, lemon balm is also popular as a herbal anti depressant. Lemon balm has been used for centuries as an antibacterial ointment and also as an infusion or a tea to help calm nerves and settle patients. Lemon balm can easily be grown in gardens throughout the world and by tearing the leaves, adding honey and hot water the perfect, natural relaxant can be made.

A Final Word On Natural Remedies

Nature produces many different herbs and more than a fare share of these can help with depression, stress and anxiety. While some care should always be taken regarding drug interactions and the misuse they are generally considered safe for regular consumption and use. If you are in any doubt then consult your physician; something you should definitely do if you are taking any form pf prescription drug.

Jason Ladock writes for Health Guides & Articles where you can find more health tips and related articles. You may republish this article only if you retain resource box and active hyperlinks.

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Help For Depressed Older People - By Michael Russell

Older people experience a lot of changes in their lives that cause depression. Depression is one of the most common health problems among the elderly. Changes in older people's physical, personal and financial capacities may contribute to their anxieties and in return, they may end up feeling sad, alone, empty and rejected.

Depression in older individuals is caused by many factors including accumulated lifetime losses and medication. Lifetime losses usually include changes in the standard of living, housing and reduced income. These also include changes in relationships, the loss of a loved one or close family members and in instances where friends and family move away. Even the loss of a pet or important possession contributes to depression. Medication on the other hand is also a common cause of depression among older individuals. Older people oftentimes take a lot of medications such as sedatives, tranquilizers, high blood pressure medicines and anti-inflammatories, all of which can cause depression. Drug interactions can sometimes be dangerous and can produce depression, mental confusion and many other physical problems.

If your older loved ones are showing signs of depression, you can help them by trying these strategies:

A loving touch can perform miracles and for depressed individuals it can give them the assurance that they are cared for and loved. Show your affection, hug or offer back rubs. These maybe the simplest forms of showing how much you care but these will mean so much for depressed people. Communicate with your loved ones in a manner that shows respect and honors their dignity. The manner in which you express yourself and talk to older people can create a huge difference in how they will feel about themselves. Be considerate to the older person's needs especially if there is physical barrier to communication. Face the person when talking to him or her and use short sentences as much as possible, especially if the person has hearing difficulty.

Respect their preferences and routines. They may be old and dependent upon your help but they too have lifelong routines and patterns that they need to follow for a sense of continuity and that needs to be respected.

The worst thing we do for our elderly loved ones is strip them of their dignity and control. In our desire to help them and make life easier for them, we tend to take over their lives and be in full control. Always bear in mind that overprotecting your older loved ones will only drive them to depression. No one likes to have his or her control and dignity taken away. Encourage them therefore to decide for themselves and always respect their privacy.

Finally, let them continue to be involved with life's activities. Being old doesn't mean staying inactive and glued to their beds. Help them become involved in meaningful activities that will spark their interest and enthusiasm. Involve them in volunteer activities or get them into crafts or hobbies that will make them look forward to another day. It is by being involved with life's activities that older people will find worth in themselves.

Michael Russell
Your Independent guide to Depression

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How to Beat the "Black Dog" of Depression and Have Better Sleep - By: Wendy Owen

Almost 10% of the US population suffer from depression at any one time. Similar statistics would be expected from other developed countries.

Depression can affect our sleep in many ways. Some of us sleep longer and others find themselves waking up in the early hours of the morning, unable to go back to sleep.

Insomnia can be one of the many symptoms of depression, so its best to treat the depression itself and usually the sleep problems will resolve themselves.

Depression can affect not only the sufferer but also family and friends who are often at a loss as to how they can help. We should let them and not try to shoulder the burden ourselves.

We have to be careful whom we chose to confide in though as some people still have the mistaken belief that depression is a "malingerers" complaint. The last thing we need when depressed is someone telling us to, "Snap out of it" or "Pull yourself together"!

Depression is a clinical complaint and a genuine illness. Symptoms of depression can include fatigue, lack of motivation, difficulty concentrating, insomnia, irritability and even physical symptoms such as headaches or digestive upsets.

Depression can be severe (major depression) which can completely disable the sufferer, or moderate (dysthymia) in which sufferers can function from day to day but never really feel content or happy.

Then there is bipolar disorder which is less common. Those afflicted with bipolar disorder can swing from a high (manic) state to a low (depressed) state seemingly without cause.

What causes depression? It could be several things. Depression may run in the family, or start after a chronic illness. It can also be caused by hormonal imbalance which is why so many women fall victim. A person's thinking pattern may be prone to depression, for example those with poor self esteem.

"Cures" for depression are many and some more effective than others. There is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) while sounding like something from the torture chambers of the inquisition, is an effective aid for severe depression.

Prescribed medications like lithium can be effective but can also have side effects like drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, insomnia, constipation and more
Herbal remedies are a viable option and have many less side effects while being remarkably effective and cheaper. Recommended are St John's Wort and Passiflora.

Regular exercise and a healthy diet are also important. Make sure there are plenty of B vitamins in the food you eat or take a supplement. Include foods which help raise serotonin levels (Oats, milk turkey and pasta) This will have a beneficial effect on your sleep too.

Cognitive or behavioural therapy can greatly assist by changing behaviour and thought patterns that may have led to the illness.

To summarise - Share your problems with a trusted friend or paid counsellor, watch your diet, exercise regularly, take appropriate medication or enrol in behavioural therapy. Help yourself defeat the "black dog" of depression.

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Want to know how to cure insomnia and achieve healthy sleep? Visithttp://www.insomnia-connection.com your resource for good sleep advice and articles. Sign on for our newsletter and receive 2 books absolutely free!Wendy Owen is a health researcher and author.

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How To Tell If You Are Depressed - By: Jandice Porter

Detecting anxiety and depression is one of the most important things you can do. It is truly the first step to recovery. To tell if you or a loved one is suffering from depression you will have at least five of the most common symptoms. These symptoms will effect your self-image in the following ways - feeling hopeless, feeling guilty, feeling worthless, feeling helpless, and feeling empty. If you feel any of these ways on a daily or regular basis, you may be suffering from depression. Other common symptoms are loss of interest in the activities that you enjoy the most and a decrease in energy in general. If you find yourself sulking away from society, be sure to confide in a close relative or a friend how things are going.

Failing to do so might be the last mistake you will ever make. You may also feel so tired and weak every day that its effecting your work or daily activities. Because your body feels so weak, you will find that it is difficult to concentrate. You may become spacey and even blackout from your depression. Because not only does your body feel tired, but you mind is tired to, you will have the worst time remembering things.

Another factor of depression is insomnia or hypersomnia. Insomnia is where you find it hard to fall asleep or to stay asleep. You may awaken yourself numerous times during the night or rise early. Hypersomnia is when you sleep long hours of the day. Some have been known to sleep through days. You may also feel like your restless or irritable on a daily basis. The restlessness could bring on thoughts of death or suicide because you cant control yourself anymore. Depression also affects our diets. You may stop eating or overeat.

So if you think you have any of these symptoms, you just might have a mild case of depression. Remember, however, that for depression to be depression and not just sadness, the effects have to persist for two weeks or more in length. Whatever the source of your feelings, talking with a good friend always helps.


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Is This You? Get Help Now!

Depression Treatment - By Steve Valentino

In the old days some psychiatrists used to think depression could be cured by removing a patient's colon or teeth. In an attempt to cure the ancient malady of melancholia, doctors resorted to scads of strategies, some of them plainly stupid or cruel. But others, like Prozac, were actually effective.

Greek and Roman physicians treated their patients by recommending rest, refreshment, and the forging of new emotional connections. They recognized the soothing effects of the waters in the spas in Northern Italy, where they sent agitated or euphoric patients. Two thousand years later, these waters have been found to be rich in lithium salts.

Treatment in the Western world had been more inhumane, reflecting the fears that manic-depressives were possessed by the devil, so they were forcibly restrained and chained. Treatments included euthanasia, exotic potions, bloodletting, and electric eels applied to the skull. It was not until the 18th and 19th centuries, with the growth of science, that a more humane approach to the treatment of mental disorders was once again adopted in the west.

Treatment for manic-depressive illness depends upon the symptoms, the severity and duration of the illness, the possible precipitating stressors and previous responses to treatment. It can combine medication, electroconvulsive therapy and psychotherapy. Medications for the treatment of manic-depressive illness fall into three groups: anti-depressants, tranquilizers and lithium.

Electroconvulsive therapy works by using an electrical shock to cause a seizure in a short period of irregular brain activity. This seizure releases many chemicals in the brain. These chemicals, called neurotransmitters, deliver messages from one brain cell to another. The release of these chemicals makes the brain cells work better. A person's mood will improve when his or her brain cells and chemical messengers work better.

Psychotherapy consists of a dialogue between patient and therapist in a supportive environment where there is respectful attention on the part of the therapist to the patient and his or her issues.

Apart from this there are many other methods of treating depression, like antidepressant medication, anticonvulsant medication, interpersonal psychotherapy, antianxiety medication, cognitive therapy, antipsychotic medication, stimulant medication, psychoanalytic psychotherapy, family therapy, group therapy and self-help groups.

Depression provides detailed information on Depression, Depression Treatment, Manic Depression, Postpartum Depression and more. Depression is affiliated with Signs Of Clinical Depression.

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Seeing The Light - By Mark Golding

During the early 1980s, a man called Herb Kern, began to believe that his seasonal cycle of fatigue and depression may be caused by the shorter and duller daylight hours of winter. Herb approached the National Institute for Mental Health (USA) with his observations. There, doctors proposed a treatment whereby Herb was exposed to bright light, equivalent to summer sunlight. By the fourth day of light exposure his symptoms had virtually disappeared (Lewy et al 1982). This was the start of our acknowledging the condition that has come to be known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) or the Winter Blues.

In all mammals, the desire to sleep is brought on by the secretion of a hormone called melatonin. In the evening the pineal gland reacts to the diminishing levels of daylight and begins producing melatonin. Melatonin is then released into the blood and flows through the body making us drowsy. Its secretion peaks in the middle of the night during our heaviest hours of sleep. In the morning, bright light shining into the eye reaches the pineal gland, which reacts by switching off the production of melatonin, thus removing the desire to sleep.

Seasonal affective disorder can be characterised by four main symptoms:

* extreme fatigue
* lack of energy
* a greater need for sleep
* changes in appetite, especially cravings for carbohydrates and sweets, which can often lead to weight gain and depression

Further symptoms may include; anxiety, loss of libido, menstrual difficulties and an increased sensitivity to pain - headaches, muscle and joint pain.

Light therapy is now regarded as a first-line treatment for SAD

Since the 1980's, most of the interest in SAD has been stimulated by its treatment response to bright artificial light. Clinical consensus guidelines are now recommending light therapy as 'a first-line treatment for SAD' (Lam & Levitt, 1999). Indeed, the treatment of SAD is almost exclusively associated with light therapy.

Surprisingly, research has consistently found that the general prevalence of severe SAD accounts for 5-10% of any population, who live 30 degrees north or south of the equator. Further, it has been found that approximately 25% of these populations suffer with sub-syndromal SAD or S-SAD, which is a milder, yet still problematic form of SAD. Therefore, it can be concluded that 30-35% of the UK population are suffering (to varying degrees) with seasonal effects during the dark winter months.

Taking all this information into account, it would be easy to think that the awareness of SAD would be quite high, yet this is not the case. One reason for this is that the Committee of Advertising Practices (CAP), who enforce advertising codes within the UK, have deemed SAD to be 'all in the mind'. However, this judgement is only based on 'their views' of SAD and not on relevant research or knowledge. Indeed, the CAP have put a stop to any mention of SAD, as it is 'in the best interest of the public'. Put in plain English, the CAP believe that the public are not ready for such information, that the lay person may be influenced into believing that they are suffering with SAD. Indeed, the public cannot be trusted with such information and therefore, ignorance is bliss!

It should be stated that it is not the intention of this article to pass judgement on the CAP, as they are only trying to do their job. The CAP have to monitor all media for advertisement infringements, inform advertisers of the relevant codes of practices and maintain high ethical standards within all advertising drenched media's, and all this is achieved by only ten, over stretched, CAP employees…

However, extensive research, which has been conducted over the last twenty years, has concluded that SAD is a biological fact and irrefutably linked to our highly complicated hormonal systems. It is not a psychosocial phenomena which is all in the mind of the neurotic or hypochondriac.

The problem that is inherent with labelling a disorder as 'all in the mind' is that the sufferer will not be able to receive the correct information, diagnosis or treatment for their symptoms. Indeed, it is an unfortunately reality that academic studies and the results are 'traditionally' slow to filter down to the medical community. This is especially true of disorders which can only be diagnosed on perceived symptoms such as SAD or indeed ME (CFS).

The effect of this can be extremely detrimental to the health of SAD sufferers. For example, in a recent study, it was found that General practitioners consultation time is mainly taken up by SAD sufferers during the Autumn and Winter (Kendrick, 2002). However, it has been found that only one out of 25 cases of SAD are actually diagnosed and 50% of SAD sufferers are being miss-diagnosed with clinical depression and needlessly prescribed antidepressants (Michalak et al, 2001). Clearly, as light therapy is the only effective treatment for SAD symptoms, then these individuals are not receiving the best advice from their health services let alone the correct diagnosis and treatment for their condition.

SAD is a reality and a consequence of living outside our natural habitat. Indeed, working within socially constructed environments such as offices without natural light are compounding SAD symptoms and we cannot biologically evolve fast enough to adapt to our 'light deficient' society. With up to 35% of the UK population suffering seasonal symptoms it is clear that we need to raise peoples awareness of this endemic disorder and thus replace miss-diagnosis and stigma with recognition, acceptance and effective treatment.

Mark Golding is the Managing Director of Goldstaff Ltd and a SAD sufferer. He started to manufacture light boxes after using one and discovering the benefits of light therapy. Goldstaff now manufactures the BriteBox, which is an optimum, 10,000Lux (daylight) SAD light therapy unit used for the treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), depression, severe PMS, winter weight gain and other hormonal dispositions. For more information about BriteBox and Seasonal Affective Disorder, +44 (0)800 1388567 or visit http://www.BriteBox.co.uk.

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